Ta hanyar Umurnin Terminal don Mac Za mu iya yin ayyuka waɗanda, a wasu lokuta, ba a samun su ta hanyar keɓancewar hoto na macOS ko, tsarin yin hakan yana jinkiri da wahala.
Dokokin Terminal don Mac, Yi aiki akan duk nau'ikan macOS wanda ya ƙaddamar, a zahiri, tun farkon sigar. Idan kuna son fara amfani da su kuma ku sami mafi kyawun su, ina gayyatar ku ku ci gaba da karantawa.
Ka tuna cewa tare da umarnin Terminal don Mac zaka iya yi canje-canje a cikin ƙungiyar ku, Canje-canje na tsari wanda zai iya shafar aikin kayan aikin ku.
Bugu da kari, kuna iya kuma share fayiloli, ƙirƙiri kundayen adireshi, gano waɗanne na'urori ke haɗe da hanyar sadarwar ku, yi bincike...
Idan kun riga kun san umarnin tsarin a cikin windows (wanda ya fito daga MS-DOS) ba zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don koyon yadda ake amfani da Terminal don umarnin Mac da muka nuna muku a wannan labarin ba.
Yadda ake shiga Terminal
Abu na farko da ya kamata mu yi don farawa rikici tare da guts na macOS shine don samun damar layin umarni na macOS. Don fara amfani da umarnin Terminal akan Mac dole ne mu yi matakai masu zuwa:
- Latsa maɓallin gajeriyar hanyar keyboard Command + sandar sarari.
- Mun rubuta Terminal.
- Danna sakamakon binciken farko.
Wannan app kuma yana cikin Launchpad, a cikin babban fayil wasu. Idan kuna son ra'ayin yin aiki tare da umarni, zaku iya kallon labarin inda muka nuna muku mafi kyawun gajerun hanyoyin keyboard don mac.
Babban Dokokin Tasha
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/ (Slash na Gaba), Babban jagorar matakin
., kundin adireshi na yanzu
.., Babban directory
~, Littafin gida
sudo [umurni], Gudun umarni tare da gatan tsaro na tushen
nano [fayil], Yana buɗe editan Terminal
bude [fayil], Bude fayil
[umurni] -h, Nemo taimako akan umarni
mutum [umurni], Yana nuna jagorar taimako don umarnin
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Binciken Tasha
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samu -name <«»fayil»>», Nemo duk fayilolin mai suna ciki . Za mu iya amfani da asterisks (*) don nemo sassan sunayen fayil
"grep" »» »,Bincika duk matches na ciki
"grep -rl" »» », Bincika duk fayilolin da ke ɗauke da su ciki
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Gudanar da Izinin Tasha
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ls -ld, Nuna tsohowar izini na tushen directory
ls -ld/ , Nuna izinin karantawa; rubuta da samun dama ga babban fayil da aka bayar
Farashin 755 Canja izinin fayil zuwa 755
chmod -R 600 , Canja izinin babban fayil da duk abinda ke cikinsa zuwa 600
sara : , Yana canza ikon mallakar fayil zuwa mai amfani da rukuni Idan muka ƙara umarnin “-R” za a haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin babban fayil ɗin.
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Girman fayil da sarari diski
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du,Amfani da jeri don kowane ƙaramin kundin adireshi da abun ciki
du-sh [babban fayil], Abubuwan da za a iya karantawa na duk fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi
du -s, Nuna shigarwa ga kowane takamaiman fayil
du-sk* | sort -nr Jerin fayiloli da manyan fayiloli (takaita girman gami da manyan manyan fayiloli). Za mu iya musanya sk* da sm* don jera kundin adireshi a cikin MB
df -h, Yana nuna sararin faifai kyauta na tsarin ku
df -H, Yi lissafin sararin faifai kyauta a cikin iko na 1.000 (maimakon 1.024)
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Gudanar da fayiloli da kundayen adireshi
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mkdir , Ƙirƙiri sabon babban fayil da ake kira
mkdir -p / , Ƙirƙiri manyan manyan fayiloli
mkdir , Ƙirƙiri manyan fayiloli da yawa lokaci guda
"mkdir" »»», Yana ƙirƙirar babban fayil mai sarari a cikin sunan fayil
rmdir , Yana share babban fayil (kawai yana aiki da manyan fayiloli marasa komai)
rm - R , Yana goge babban fayil da abinda ke ciki
taba , Ƙirƙiri sabon fayil ba tare da wani tsawo ba
dan sanda , Kwafi fayil zuwa babban fayil
dan sanda , Kwafi fayil a cikin babban fayil na yanzu
dan sanda ~/ / , Kwafi fayil a cikin babban fayil kuma sake suna fayil ɗin da aka kwafi
cp -R <«» sabon dir»»>», Kwafi babban fayil zuwa sabon babban fayil mai sarari a cikin sunan fayil
cp - ina , Yana gargaɗe ku kafin yin kwafin fayil tare da saƙon gargaɗin sake rubutawa
dan sanda /Masu amfani/ , Kwafi fayiloli da yawa a cikin babban fayil
ditto -V [hanyar babban fayil] [sabon babban fayil], Kwafi abubuwan da ke cikin babban fayil zuwa sabon babban fayil. Umurnin "-V" yana nuna layin matsayi ga kowane fayil da aka kwafi.
rm , yana share fayil ɗin dindindin
rm - ina , Yana share fayil yana neman tabbatarwa
rm -f , Tilasta share fayil ba tare da tabbatarwa ba
rm ,Share fayiloli da yawa ba tare da tabbatarwa ba
mv ,matsar/sake suna
mv ,Matsar da fayil zuwa babban fayil (sake rubuta fayil ɗin data kasance tare da suna iri ɗaya idan akwai)
mv - ina , Umurnin "-i" yana nuna gargaɗin cewa zai sake rubuta fayil ɗin da aka nufa.
mv*.png ~/ , Matsar da duk fayilolin PNG a cikin babban fayil na yanzu zuwa babban fayil daban
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Gudanar da kundayen adireshi tare da Terminal
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cd, gida directory
cd [babban fayil], Canja directory
cd ~, Gida directory
cd/, tushen drive
cd -, Littafin adireshi na baya ko babban fayil wanda kuka yi bincike na ƙarshe
pwd, nuna jagorar aiki
cd.., Haura zuwa kundin adireshi na iyaye
cd.../..., Sama matakai biyu
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Jerin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi tare da Terminal
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ls, Nuna sunan fayiloli da kundin adireshi na kundin adireshi
ls -C, Nuna sunan fayiloli da kundin adireshi na kundin adireshi a cikin ginshiƙai
ls -a, Jera duk shigarwar (gami da waɗanda ke da .(digo) da ..(digi biyu))
ls -1, Nuna jerin fayiloli a cikin shigarwa ɗaya kowane tsarin layi
ls -F, Nuna / (slash) nan da nan bayan kowace hanyar da ke shugabanci
ls -S Tsara fayiloli ko shigarwar ta girman
ls -l, Jerin tsari mai tsawo. Ya haɗa da yanayin fayil; sunan mai shi da kungiyar; kwanan wata da lokacin da aka gyara fayil ɗin; sunan hanyar; da dai sauransu
ls -l /, Lissafin tsarin fayil daga tushen tare da alamomi
ls -lt, Jerin fayilolin da aka jera ta lokacin gyarawa (mafi kwanan nan na farko)
ls -lh, Dogon jeri tare da girman fayil ɗin da za a iya karantawa a cikin KB; MB ko GB
ls -lo, Jerin sunayen fayil tare da girman; mai shi da tutoci
ls -la, Cikakken jerin abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi (ciki har da fayilolin ɓoye)
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Gajerun hanyoyin allo a cikin Terminal
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Tab, Mai sarrafa fayil da sunayen manyan fayiloli
Ctrl + A, Je zuwa farkon layin da kake bugawa
Ctrl + E, Je zuwa ƙarshen layin da kake bugawa
Ctrl + U, Share layin kafin siginan kwamfuta
Ctrl + K, Share layin bayan siginan kwamfuta
Ctrl + W, Share kalmar a gaban siginan kwamfuta
Ctrl + T, musanya haruffa biyu na ƙarshe kafin siginan kwamfuta
Esc + T, Musanya kalmomi biyu na ƙarshe a gaban siginan kwamfuta
Ctrl + L, Share allon
Ctrl + C, dakatar da duk abin da ke gudana
Ctrl + D, Fitar harsashi na yanzu
Zaɓi + →,Matsar da siginan kwamfuta kalma ɗaya gaba
Zaɓi + ←,Mayar da siginan kwamfuta kalma ɗaya baya
Ctrl + F, Matsar da siginan kwamfuta harafi ɗaya gaba
Ctrl + B, Matsar da siginan kwamfuta harafi ɗaya baya
Ctrl + Y, Manna abin da aka yanke ta umarni na ƙarshe
Ctrl + Z, Sanya abin da ke gudana cikin tsarin bayanan da aka dakatar
Ctrl + _, Murke umarni na ƙarshe
Zaɓi + Shift + Cmd + C, Kwafi bayyananne rubutu
Shift + Cmd + V, Manna zaɓi
fita, Ƙare zaman harsashi
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Tarihin umarni
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Ctrl + R, Bincika umarnin da aka yi amfani da su a baya
tarihi, yana nuna umarnin da muka rubuta a baya
![daraja], Gudanar da umarnin da aka yi amfani da shi na ƙarshe wanda ke farawa da ƙima
!!, aiwatar da umarnin da aka yi amfani da shi na ƙarshe
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Tsarukan Tasha
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ps -ax Yana Nuna hanyoyin da ke gudana a halin yanzu. Umurnin "a" yana nuna duk matakan mai amfani da kuma "x" umarni yana nuna matakan da ba a haɗa su da Terminal ba.
ps -aux, Nuna duk matakai tare da % cpu; % mem; shafi-in da PID
saman, Yana Nuna ainihin-lokaci bayani game da tafiyar matakai da ke gudana
top -ocpu -s 5, Yana Nuna hanyoyin da aka tsara ta hanyar amfani da CPU da sabuntawa kowane sakan 5
top -o girma, Tsara tafiyar matakai ta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
kashe PID, Fita tsari tare da ID . Za a nuna PID a matsayin ginshiƙi a cikin Kulawar Ayyuka
ps -ax | grep , Nemi tsari da suna ko PID
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Umurnin hanyar sadarwa a cikin Terminal
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ping , Ping mai watsa shiri kuma nuna matsayinsa
wane ,Samu wanene bayanin yanki
kul -O , Zazzage fayil ta hanyar HTTP; HTTPS ko FTP
ssh @ , Kafa haɗin SSH zuwa tare da mai amfani
scp @ :/m/hanya, Kwafi har yanzu m
arp -a Yana Nuna jerin duk na'urori akan hanyar sadarwar gida gami da adiresoshin IP da MAC na duk na'urori
ifconfig en0, Yana nuna adireshin IP da MAC na na'urar ku
traceroute [sunan mai watsa shiri], Yana Gano hanya da hops da fakiti suka bi ta na'urar ku zuwa adireshin da aka nufa.
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Homebrew
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Brew doctor,Duba tsarin ga m matsaloli
Brew help,Jerin amfani Homebrew umarni
daga shigar | , Shigar da dabara
sha uninstall |Cask>, Cire tsari
jeri --formula, Jeri kawai da aka shigar da dabaru
ruwa deps | , Lissafa duk abin dogaro na dabara
Brew search text|/regex/,Bincika dabaru ta amfani da regex
haɓaka haɓakawa | , Sabunta dabarar
sha tsohon | , Tsarin bincike
brew m-formula, Nemo tsohuwar dabara
brew fil [installed_formula], Sanya dabara don kada ya sabunta
cire [installed_formula], Cire don sabunta fakitin
tsaftacewa, Cire fayilolin kulle da tsofaffin fakiti daga duk dabara
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Canjin yanayi ko hanya
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printenv, Yana nuna jerin abubuwan da aka saita a halin yanzu
echo $PATH,Duba ƙimar madaidaicin PATH wanda ke adana jerin kundayen adireshi tare da fayilolin aiwatarwa
echo $PATH>path.txt,yana fitar da jagorar hanyar zuwa fayil ɗin rubutu
FITARWA PATH=$PATH: cikakken/hanyar zuwa/shiri/, Gudanar da shirin ta tashar tashar a cikin zaman yanzu kawai.
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