Kubudikidza Terminal mirairo yeMac Tinogona kuita zviito izvo, pane dzimwe nguva, zvisingawanikwe kuburikidza neiyo macOS graphical interface kana, maitiro ekuita izvi anononoka uye anonetsa.
Terminal mirairo yeMac, shanda pane ese macOS shanduro iyo yakatanga, ingangoita, kubva pashanduro yekutanga. Kana uchida kutanga kuzvishandisa uye kuwana zvakanyanya kubva pazviri, ndinokukoka kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga.
Ramba uchifunga kuti ne Terminal mirairo yeMac unogona kuita shanduko muchikwata chako, kuchinja kwekugadzirisa kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemidziyo yako.
Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona zvakare bvisa mafaera, gadzira madhairekitori, tsvaga kuti ndeapi maturusi akabatana kunetiweki yako, tsvaga...
Kana iwe uchitoziva kare system inoraira mumahwindo (iyo inobva kuMS-DOS) hazvikutore nguva yakareba kuti udzidze kushandisa Terminal yeMac mirairo yatinokuratidza munyaya ino.
Nzira yekuwana sei Terminal
Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita kuti titange kukanganisa nema guts e macOS ndeye kuwana iyo macOS command line. Kutanga kushandisa Terminal mirairo paMac isu tinofanirwa kuita anotevera matanho:
- Dzvanya iyo keyboard nzira yekudimbudzira Command + space bar.
- Tinonyora Terminal.
- Dzvanya pane yekutanga yekutsvaga mhinduro.
Iyi app iri zvakare mu Launchpad, mukati mefolder vamwe. Kana iwe uchida zano rekushanda nemirairo, unogona kutarisa pane chinyorwa apo isu tinokuratidza iwe akanakisa keyboard mapfupi eMac.
Basic Terminal Commands
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/ (Pamberi Slash), Yepamusoro dhairekitori
.,Madhairekitori ezvino
..,Nhoroondo yepamusoro
~, Dhairekitori repamba
sudo [command], Mhanya kuraira nemidzi yekuchengetedza ropafadzo
nano [faira], Inovhura iyo Terminal editor
vhura [faira], Vhura faira
[kuraira] -h, Wana rubatsiro pane kuraira
man [command], Inoratidza bhuku rekubatsira rekuraira
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Terminal Search
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find -zita <«»faira»»>»,Inowana mafaera ese ane mazita mukati . Tinogona kushandisa asterisks (*) kutsvaga zvikamu zvemazita emafaira
"grep" »» »,Tsvaga machisi ese e mukati
"grep -rl"" »» »,Tsvaga mafaera ese ane mukati
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Kutungamira kweMvumo dzeTemina
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ls -ld, Ratidza mvumo yakasarudzika yedhairekitori rekubva
ls -ld/ , Inoratidza kuverenga mvumo; nyora uye uwane folda yakapihwa
chmod 755 , Shandura mvumo yefaira ku755
chmod -R600 , Chinja mvumo yeforodha uye zvese zvirimo kuita mazana matanhatu
chown : , Inoshandura muridzi wefaira kumushandisi neboka Kana tikawedzera murairo "-R" zviri mukati mefolda zvichabatanidzwa.
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Saizi yefaira uye disk nzvimbo
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du,Kushandisa rondedzero kune imwe neimwe subdirectory uye zvirimo
du -sh [folder], Inoverengwa kubuda kwemafaira ese mudhairekitori
du -s, Ratidza chinopinda chefaira rega rega rakatarwa
du-sk* | sort -nr Rongedza mafaera uye maforodha (kupfupikisa saizi kusanganisira maforodha madiki). Tinogona kutsiva sk* ye sm* kunyora madhairekitori muMB
df -h, Inoratidza yemahara disk nzvimbo yesystem yako
df -H, Verenga yemahara disk nzvimbo mumasimba e1.000 (panzvimbo ye1.024)
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Kutungamira kwemafaira uye madhairekitori
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mkdir ,Gadzira folda itsva inonzi
mkdir -p / ,Gadzira nested folders
mkdir , Gadzira akawanda maforodha kamwechete
"mkdir"" »»»,Inogadzira folda ine nzvimbo mune zita refaira
rmdir , Inodzima folda (inoshanda chete nemaforodha asina chinhu)
rm -R , Inodzima folda uye zvirimo
touch ,Gadzira faira idzva pasina kuwedzera
mupurisa , Kopa faira kune folda
mupurisa ,Kopira faira mune yazvino folda
mupurisa ~/ / , Kopa faira mufolda uye utumidze zita rakakopwa
"cp -R <«» dir nyowani»»>», Kopira folda kune dhairekitori nyowani ine nzvimbo muzita refaira
cp -i ,Inokuyambira usati wakopa faira rine meseji yambiro yekunyora pamusoro
mupurisa /Vashandisi/ , Kopa akati wandei mafaera mufodhi
ditto -V [folder path][new folder],Inokopa zviri mukati mefolder kune itsva folda. Murairo we "-V" unoratidza mutsara wechimiro chefaira rega rega rakakopwa.
rm ,inodzima faira zvachose
rm -i , Inodzima faira ichikumbira kusimbiswa
rm -f ,Kumanikidza kudzima faira zvisina kusimbiswa
rm , Delete akawanda mafaera pasina kusimbiswa
mv ,move/rename
mv , Inofambisa faira kune folda (inonyora pamusoro faira iripo ine zita rimwechete kana riripo)
mv -i ,Murairo we "-i" unoratidza yambiro kuti ichabvisa faira rekuenda.
mv*.png ~/ , Fambisa mafaera ese ePNG mune yazvino folda kune imwe folda
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Kugadzirisa madhairekitori ane Terminal
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cd, dhairekitori repamba
cd [folder], Shandura dhairekitori
cd ~, Dhairekitori repamba
cd/, mudzi wedhiraivha
cd -, dhairekitori rapfuura kana folda yawakapedzisira kutarisa
pwd, ratidza dhairekitori rekushanda
cd.., Enda kumusoro kune dhairekitori revabereki
cd../..,Kukwira mazinga maviri
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Kunyora mafaera uye madhairekitori ane Terminal
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ls, Ratidza zita remafaira uye subdirectories yedhairekitori
ls -C, Ratidza zita remafaira uye subdirectories yedhairekitori mumakoramu
ls -a,Nyora zvinyorwa zvese (kusanganisira zvine .(dot) uye ..(dot dot))
ls -1, Ratidza rondedzero yemafaira mune imwe yekupinda pamutsara fomati
ls -F, Ratidza a / (slash) pakarepo mushure menzira yega yega iri dhairekitori
ls -S Ronga mafaera kana zvinyorwa nehukuru
ls -l, Yakareba fomati runyorwa. Inosanganisira faira mode; zita remuridzi neboka; zuva uye nguva iyo faira yakagadziridzwa; zita renzira; etc
ls -l /, Rondedzera mafaera kubva pamidzi ine symlinks
ls -lt, Rondedzero yemafaira akarongwa nenguva yekuchinja (yazvino kutanga)
ls -lh, Yakareba rondedzero ine faira inoverengeka saizi muKB; MB kana GB
ls -lo, Rondedzera mazita emafaira ane saizi; muridzi nemireza
ls -la, Detailed list yedhairekitori zviri mukati (kusanganisira mafaera akavanzika)
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Keyboard mapfupi muTerminal
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Tab, Autocomplete faira uye folda mazita
Ctrl + A, Enda panotangira mutsara wauri kutaipa
Ctrl + E, Enda kumagumo emutsara wauri kutaipa
Ctrl + U, Bvisa mutsara pamberi pechitubu
Ctrl + K, Bvisa mutsara mushure mekutuka
Ctrl + W, Bvisa izwi pamberi pechitubu
Ctrl + T, Chinjana mavara maviri ekupedzisira pamberi pechitubu
Esc + T, Chinjana mazwi maviri ekupedzisira pamberi pechitubu
Ctrl + L, Bvisa skrini
Ctrl + C, mira chero chiri kushanda
Ctrl + D, Buda ikozvino shell
Sarudzo + →,Fambisa cursor izwi rimwe kumberi
Sarudzo + ←,Bvisa cursor kumashure izwi rimwe chete
Ctrl + F, Fambisa chitubu hunhu humwe kumberi
Ctrl + B, Fambisa chitubu chemunhu mumwe kumashure
Ctrl + Y, Namira izvo zvakatemwa nemurairo wekupedzisira
Ctrl + Z, Isa izvo zviri kumhanya mune yakamiswa kumashure maitiro
Ctrl + _, Bvisa murairo wekupedzisira
Sarudzo + Shift + Cmd + C, Kopa zvinyorwa zviri pachena
Shift + Cmd + V, Namatidza sarudzo
buda, Pedzisa chikamu chegoko
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Raira nhoroondo
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Ctrl + R,Tsvaga mirairo yakamboshandiswa
nhoroondo,Inoratidza mirairo yatakanyora kare
![value],Mhanya murairo wekupedzisira wakashandiswa unotanga neukoshi
!!, Ita murairo wekupedzisira wakashandiswa
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Terminal Maitiro
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ps -ax Inoratidza maitiro ari kushanda izvozvi. Murairo we "a" unoratidza maitiro ese evashandisi uye "x" murairo unoratidza maitiro asina kubatana neiyo Terminal
ps -aux, Ratidza maitiro ese ne% cpu; %mem; peji-mukati uye PID
kumusoro, Inoratidza chaiyo-nguva ruzivo nezve maitiro ari kushanda
pamusoro -ocpu -s 5, Inoratidza maitiro akarongwa neCPU kushandiswa uye kuvandudza masekondi mashanu ega ega.
pamusoro -o rsize, Ronga maitiro nekushandisa ndangariro
uraya PID, Buda maitiro neID . Iyo PID icharatidzwa sekoramu muChiitwa Monitor
ps -ax | grep ,Tsvaga maitiro nemazita kana PID
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Network mirairo muTerminal
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ping , Ping mugadziri uye ratidza chimiro chayo
ndiani ,Wana whois ruzivo rwenzvimbo
curl -O ,Kudhaunirodha faira kuburikidza neHTTP; HTTPS kana FTP
ssh @ ,Gadzira SSH yekubatanidza kune nemushandisi
scp @ :/remote/nzira,Copy zvakadaro kure
arp -a Inoratidza runyorwa rwezvese zvishandiso pane yako yemuno network kusanganisira iyo IP uye MAC kero yemidziyo yese
ifconfig en0, Inoratidza IP uye MAC kero yechishandiso chako
traceroute [zita rezita], Inozivisa nzira uye mahops anofambiswa nemapaketi kubva pachishandiso chako kuenda kukero yekuenda.
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Homebrew
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brew chiremba, Tarisa system yezvingangoitika matambudziko
brew rubatsiro, Rondedzero yemirairo inobatsira Homebrew
brew install | ,Isa fomula
brew uninstall |cask>, Bvisa fomula
brew list --formula, Nyora chete akaiswa mafomula
brew deps | , Nyora zvese zvinoenderana neformula
brew search text|/regex/,Tsvaga mafomula uchishandisa regex
brew upgrade | , Gadzirisa fomula
doro rekare | ,Kutsvaga formula
bika zvechinyakare -formula,Tsvaga fomula yechinyakare
brew pini [yakaiswa_formula],Pina fomula kuti isagadzirise
brew unpin [yakaiswa_formula], Bvisa kuti uvandudze pasuru
brew yekuchenesa, Bvisa mafaira ekukiya uye mapakeji echinyakare kubva kune ese mafomula
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Kuchinja kwenzvimbo kana nzira
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printenv, Inoratidza runyoro rwezvino seti yemamiriro ekunze akasiyana
echo $PATH,Tarisa kukosha kwePATH kusiyanisa inochengeta rondedzero yemadhairekitori ane mafaera anoteedzera.
echo $PATH >path.txt,Inotumira kunze dhairekitori renzira kune faira remavara
export PATH=$PATH:absolute/nzira yeku/program/,Mhanyai chirongwa kuburikidza nechiteshi muchikamu chazvino chete.
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