Ukusebenzisa Imiyalelo yetheminali yeMac Sinokwenza izenzo ezithi, ngamaxesha athile, zingafumaneki ngojongano lomzobo we-macOS okanye, inkqubo yokwenza oko icotha kakhulu kwaye inzima.
Imiyalelo yeterminal yeMac, sebenza kuzo zonke iinguqulelo ze-macOS eye yasungula, ngokwenyani, ukusukela kuguqulelo lokuqala. Ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa kwaye ufumane okuninzi kuzo, ndiyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ngemiyalelo yeterminal yeMac ungayenza utshintsho kwiqela lakho, utshintsho olunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesixhobo sakho.
Ukongeza, unako cima iifayile, yenza abalawuli, fumana ukuba zeziphi izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho, yenza uphando...
Ukuba sele uyazi i imiyalelo yenkqubo kwiifestile (evela kwi-MS-DOS) ayizukuthatha ixesha elide ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa iSitena semiyalelo yeMac esikubonisa yona kweli nqaku.
Ungena njani kwiTheminali
Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenze ukuze siqale jongana ne-guts ye-macOS kukufikelela kumgca womyalelo we-macOS. Ukuqala ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yeSitena kwiMac kufuneka senze la manyathelo alandelayo:
- Cinezela i-keyboard enqumlayo Umyalelo + indawo yebha.
- Sibhala iTheminali.
- Cofa kwisiphumo sokuqala sophendlo.
Le app kwakhona kwi Launchpad, ngaphakathi kwifolda abanye. Ukuba uyawuthanda umbono wokusebenza ngemiyalelo, unokujonga inqaku apho sikubonisa khona iindlela ezimfutshane zebhodi yezitshixo zeMac.
Imiyalelo yeSiseko seSiseko
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/ (Slash Phambili),Inqanaba eliphezulu ulawulo
., Uluhlu lwangoku
..,Uluhlu oluphezulu
~,Uluhlu lwasekhaya
sudo [umyalelo], Yenza umyalelo ngamalungelo okhuseleko lweengcambu
nano [ifayile],Ivula umhleli weTheminali
vula [ifayile],Vula ifayile
[umyalelo] -h, Fumana uncedo kumyalelo
indoda [umyalelo],Ibonisa incwadi yoncedo yomyalelo
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Uphendlo lwetheminali
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fumana -igama <«»ifayile»»>»,Ifumana zonke iifayile ezinegama ngaphakathi . Singasebenzisa iinkwenkwezi (*) ukukhangela iindawo zamagama efayile
"grep" »» »,Khangela zonke iimatshisi ze ngaphakathi
"grep -rl"" »» »,Khangela zonke iifayile eziqulathe ngaphakathi
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Ulawulo lweeMvume zeSiteshi
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ls -ld, Bonisa imvume engagqibekanga yovimba weefayili wemvelaphi
ls -ld/ ,Ibonisa iimvume zokufunda; bhala kwaye ufikelele kwifolda ethile
chmod 755 , Guqula imvume yefayile ibe ngu-755
ichmod -R 600 , Tshintsha imvume yefolda kunye nayo yonke imixholo yayo ukuya kuma-600
chown : ,Ukutshintsha ubunini befayile kumsebenzisi kunye neqela Ukuba songeza umyalelo "-R" imixholo yolawulo iya kuqukwa.
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Ubungakanani befayile kunye nendawo yediski
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du, Ukusebenzisa uludwe lwecandelo ngalinye kunye nomxholo walo
du -sh [ifolda], Imveliso efundekayo yazo zonke iifayile kulawulo
du -s,Bonisa ungeno lwefayile nganye ekhankanyiweyo
du-sk* | hlela -nr Uluhlu lweefayile kunye neefolda (ubungakanani obushwankathelayo buquka abalawuli abasezantsi). Singatshintsha u-sk* nge-sm* ukudwelisa abalawuli kwi-MB
df -h,Ibonisa indawo yedisk yasimahla kwindlela yakho
df -H, Bala indawo yedisk yasimahla kumagunya e-1.000 (endaweni ye-1.024)
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Ulawulo lweefayile kunye nabalawuli
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mkdir ,Yenza incwadi entsha ebizwa ngokuba
mkdir -p / ,Yenza iifolda ezibekwe kwindlwane
mkdir ,Yenza iifolda ezininzi ngexesha elinye
"mkdir"" »»»,Yenza ifolda enesithuba kwigama lefayile
rmdir ,Icima incwadi eneenkcukacha (isebenza kuphela ngeefolda ezingenanto)
rm -R ,Icima ifolda kunye nemixholo yayo
touch ,Yenza ifayile entsha ngaphandle kolwandiso
ipolisa , Khuphela ifayile kwisiqulathi seefayili
ipolisa , Khuphela ifayile kwisilawulo sangoku
ipolisa ~/ / , Khuphela ifayile kwisiqulathi seefayili kwaye uthiye ngokutsha ifayile ekhutshelweyo
"cp-R <«» dir entsha»»>», Khuphela ifolda kwifolda entsha enezithuba kwigama lefayile
cp -i ,Iyakulumkisa phambi kokukopa ifayile enomyalezo olumkisayo
ipolisa /Abasebenzisi/ , Khuphela iifayile ezininzi kwifolda
ditto -V [indlela yencwadi eneenkcukacha][incwadi eneenkcukacha],Ikhuphela imixholo yencwadi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha entsha. Umyalelo "-V" ubonisa umgca wesimo kwifayile nganye ekotshiweyo.
rm ,icima ifayile ngokusisigxina
rm-i ,Icima ifayile ecela ukuqinisekiswa
rm -f ,Nyanzelela ukucinywa kwefayile okungaqinisekiswanga
rm , Cima iifayile ezininzi ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa
mv ,susa/uthiye ngokutsha
mv ,Hambisa ifayile kwisilawulo (ibhala ngaphezulu ifayile ekhoyo enegama elifanayo ukuba likhona)
mv -i ,Umyalelo othi "-i" ubonisa isilumkiso sokuba iza kubhala ngaphezulu ifayile ekuyiwa kuyo.
mv*.png ~/ ,Hambisa zonke iifayile zePNG kwisiqulathi seefayili sangoku kwisiqulathi seefayili esahlukileyo
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Ulawulo lwezalathisi ngeTheminali
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cd, ulawulo lwasekhaya
cd [incwadi eneenkcukacha], Tshintsha uvimba weefayili
cd ~,Uluhlu lwasekhaya
cd/,ingcambu yokuqhuba
cd -, Ulawulo lwangaphambili okanye incwadi eneenkcukacha ogqibe ukuyibhrawuza
pwd, bonisa uluhlu olusebenzayo
cd..,Nyuka kulawulo lomzali
cd../..,Phezulu amanqanaba amabini
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Udweliso lweefayile kunye nabalawuli abaneSitena
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ls, Bonisa igama leefayile kunye noovimba beefayili abangaphantsi kovimba weefayili
ls -C,Bonisa igama leefayile kunye noovimba beefayili abangaphantsi kovimba weefayili kwimiqolo
ls -a, Dwelisa onke amangeno (kuquka lawo ane .(ichaphaza) kunye ..(ichaphaza eliphindwe kabini))
ls -1,Bonisa uluhlu lweefayile kwingeniso enye ngefomathi yomgca
ls -F, Bonisa i / (slash) ngoko nangoko emva kwendlela nganye ekuluhlu
ls -S Hlela iifayile okanye amangeno ngokobungakanani
ls -l,Uluhlu olude lwefomathi. Ibandakanya imo yefayile; igama lomnini kunye neqela; umhla kunye nexesha eyalungiswa ngayo ifayile; igama lendlela; njl
ls -l /,Uluhlu lwefayile yendlela esuka kwingcambu ene-symlink
ls -lt, Uluhlu lweefayile ezibekwe ngexesha loguqulelo (eyakutshanje kuqala)
ls -lh,Uluhlu olude olunobukhulu beefayile ezifundekayo kwi-KB; MB okanye GB
ls -lo, Dwelisa amagama efayile anobungakanani; umnini kunye neeflegi
ls -la, Uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwemixholo yolawulo (kuquka iifayile ezifihliweyo)
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Iindlela ezimfutshane ze-keyboard kwi-terminal
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Isithuba, Gqibezela ngokuzenzekelayo ifayile kunye namagama efolda
Ctrl + A, Yiya ekuqaleni komgca ochwetheza kuwo
Ctrl + E, Yiya ekupheleni komgca ochwetheza kuwo
Ctrl + U, Cima umgca phambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + K, Cima umgca emva kwekhesa
Ctrl + W, Cima igama phambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + T, Tshintshela amagama amabini okugqibela phambi kwekhesa
Esc + T, Tshintsha amagama amabini okugqibela phambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + L, Sula isikrini
Ctrl + C, yeka nantoni na esebenzayo
Ctrl + D, Phuma iqokobhe langoku
Ukhetho + →,Hambisa ikhesa igama elinye phambili
Ukhetho + ←,Shenxisa ikhesa emva ngegama elinye
Ctrl + F, Hambisa ikhesa umlinganiswa omnye phambili
Ctrl + B, Shenxisa ikhesa umlinganiswa omnye ngasemva
Ctrl + Y, Ncamathelisa oko kusikwe ngumyalelo wokugqibela
Ctrl + Z, Beka okusebenzayo kwinkqubo yangasemva emisiweyo
Ctrl + _, Hlehlisa umyalelo wokugqibela
Ukhetho + Shift + Cmd + C, Khuphela umbhalo ocacileyo
Shift + Cmd + V, Cola ukhetho
phuma,Phelisa iseshoni yeqokobhe
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Lawula imbali
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Ctrl + R, Khangela imiyalelo ebikhe yasetyenziswa ngaphambili
imbali,Ibonisa imiyalelo esiyibhalileyo ngaphambili
![ixabiso],Sebenzisa umyalelo wokugqibela osetyenzisiweyo oqala ngexabiso
!!, Phumeza umyalelo wokugqibela osetyenzisiweyo
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Iinkqubo zetheminali
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ps -ax Ibonisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngoku. Umyalelo "a" ubonisa zonke iinkqubo zomsebenzisi kwaye umyalelo "x" ubonisa iinkqubo ezingaqhagamshelwanga kwiSitena
ps -aux, Bonisa zonke iinkqubo nge% cpu; % mem; iphepha-ngaphakathi kunye nePID
phezulu,Ibonisa ulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani malunga neenkqubo ezisebenzayo
phezulu -ocpu -s 5,Ibonisa iinkqubo ezihlelwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-CPU kunye nokuhlaziya yonke imizuzwana emi-5
phezulu -o rsize, Hlela iinkqubo ngokusetyenziswa kwememori
bulala i-PID, Phuma inkqubo nge-ID . I-PID iya kuboniswa njengomhlathi kwiMoni yoMsebenzi
ps -ax | grep ,Khangela inkqubo ngegama okanye iPID
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Imiyalelo yothungelwano kwiTheminali
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i-ping ,Ping umamkeli kwaye ubonise ubume bayo
nguba ni u ,Fumana ulwazi lwe-whois lwesizinda
curl -O ,Kuthotywa umthwalo wefayile ngeHTTP; HTTPS okanye FTP
ssh @ ,Seka uqhagamshelwano lwe-SSH ku nomsebenzisi
scp @ :/indawo ekude/indlela, Khuphela nangoku kude
arp -a Ibonisa uluhlu lwazo zonke izixhobo kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kubandakanya i-IP kunye needilesi ze-MAC zazo zonke izixhobo
ifconfig en0,Ibonisa idilesi ye-IP kunye ne-MAC yesixhobo sakho
traceroute [igama lenginginya], Ichonga indlela kunye neehops eziqutyulwa ziipakethi ukusuka kwisixhobo sakho ukuya kwidilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
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Homebrew
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ugqirha utywala, Jonga inkqubo yeengxaki ezinokwenzeka
uncedo lwebrew, Uluhlu lwemiyalelo eluncedo ye-Homebrew
faka utywala | ,Fakela ifomula
brew uninstall |cask>,Khupha ifomula
uluhlu lwe-brew --ifomula, Uluhlu lweefomula ezifakiweyo kuphela
i-brew deps | ,Dwelisa zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kwifomula
isicatshulwa sophendlo lwe-brew |/regex/,Khangela iifomula usebenzisa i-regex
ukuphuculwa kotywala | ,Hlaziya ifomula
utywala buphelelwe lixesha | ,Ifomula yokukhangela
i-brew iphelelwe lixesha -ifomula,Fumana ifomula ephelelwe lixesha
i-brew pin [efakiwe_ifomula],Faka ifomyula ukuze ingahlaziyi
brew unpin [ifomula_efakiweyo],Ungaphini ukuhlaziya ipakethe
ukucoca, Susa iifayile zokutshixa kunye neepakethe eziphelelwe lixesha kuzo zonke iifomyula
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Ukuguquguquka kwendalo okanye indlela
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printenv,Ibonisa uluhlu lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezicwangcisiweyo ngoku
echo $PATH,Jonga ixabiso loguqulo lwe- PATH olugcina uluhlu lwabalawuli ngeefayile eziphunyeziweyo
echo $UMENDO > umendo.txt,Ithumela ngaphandle ulawulo lwendlela kwifayile yokubhaliweyo
thumela ngaphandle UMENDO=$UMENDO:absolute/indlela eya/inkqubo/,Yenza inkqubo ngeterminal kwiseshoni yangoku kuphela.
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