Ngokusebenzisa Imiyalo yetheminali ye-Mac Singenza izenzo okuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile, zingatholakali ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-macOS noma, inqubo yokwenza lokho ihamba kancane futhi inzima.
Imiyalo yetheminali ye-Mac, sebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-macOS esethule, cishe, kusukela enguqulweni yokuqala. Uma ufuna ukuqala ukuzisebenzisa futhi uzuze okuningi kuzo, ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Khumbula ukuthi ngemiyalo yeTheminali ye-Mac ungayenza izinguquko eqenjini lakho, izinguquko zokucushwa ezingase zithinte ukusebenza kwemishini yakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, unga futhi susa amafayela, dala izinkomba, thola ukuthi imaphi amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho, yenza usesho...
Uma usuwazi imiyalo yesistimu kumafasitela (evela ku-MS-DOS) ngeke kukuthathe isikhathi eside ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa imiyalo ye-Terminal ye-Mac esikubonisa yona kulesi sihloko.
Ungangena kanjani ku-Terminal
Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukuze siqale hlambalaza nesibindi se-macOS ukufinyelela kulayini womyalo we-macOS. Ukuqala ukusebenzisa imiyalo Yetheminali ku-Mac kufanele senze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Cindezela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi Command + space bar.
- Sibhala Terminal.
- Chofoza kumphumela wosesho wokuqala.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza futhi in the I-Launchpad, ngaphakathi kufolda abanye. Uma uthanda umbono wokusebenza ngemiyalo, ungabheka isihloko lapho sikubonisa khona izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezihamba phambili ze-mac.
Imiyalo Yetheminali Eyisisekelo
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/ (Dlulisa i-Slash), umkhombandlela wezinga eliphezulu
., Inkomba yamanje
..,Inkomba ephezulu
~,Inkomba yasekhaya
sudo [command], Qalisa umyalo ngamalungelo okuphepha ezimpande
nano [ifayela],Ivula isihleli setheminali
vula [ifayela],Vula ifayela
[umyalo] -h, Thola usizo emyalweni
man [command],Ibonisa imanuwali yosizo yomyalo
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Ukusesha Kwetheminali
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thola -name <«»file»»>»,Ithola wonke amafayela anegama ngaphakathi . Singasebenzisa izinkanyezi (*) ukuze sifune izingxenye zamagama wamafayela
"grep" »» »,Sesha wonke amameshi we ngaphakathi
"grep -rl"" »» »,Sesha wonke amafayela aqukethe ngaphakathi
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Ukuphathwa Kwezimvume Zetheminali
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ls -ld, Bonisa imvume ezenzakalelayo yohlu lwemibhalo lomthombo
ls -ld/ ,Ibonisa izimvume zokufunda; bhala futhi ufinyelele ifolda enikeziwe
chmod 755 ,Shintsha imvume yefayela ibe ngu-755
i-chmod - ama-R600 ,Shintsha imvume yefolda nakho konke ekuqukethe kube ngu-600
qhwa : ,Ishintsha ubunikazi befayela kumsebenzisi neqembu Uma sengeza umyalo "-R" okuqukethwe kwefolda kuzofakwa
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Usayizi wefayela nesikhala sediski
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du, Ukusebenzisa uhlu lwemibhalo engaphansi ngayinye nokuqukethwe kwalo
du -sh [ifolda], Okuphumayo okufundekayo kwawo wonke amafayela ohlwini lwemibhalo
du -s, Bonisa okufakiwe kwefayela ngalinye elishiwo
du-sk* | sort -nr Faka ohlwini amafayela namafolda (usayizi wokufingqa ohlanganisa namafolda amancane). Singafaka u-sk* esikhundleni sika-sm* ukuze sibhale uhlu lwemibhalo ku-MB
df -h, Ibonisa isikhala sediski samahhala sohlelo lwakho
df -H, Bala isikhala sediski samahhala emandleni we-1.000 (esikhundleni se-1.024)
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Ukuphathwa kwamafayela nezinkomba
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mkdir ,Dala ifolda entsha ebizwa ngokuthi
mkdir -p / , Dala amafolda afakwe esidlekeni
mkdir , Dala amafolda amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa
"mkdi"" »»»,Kwakha ifolda enesikhala egameni lefayela
rmdir ,Isusa ifolda (isebenza kuphela ngamafolda angenalutho)
rm -R ,Isusa ifolda nokuqukethwe kwayo
thinta ,Dala ifayela elisha ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isandiso
iphoyisa ,Kopisha ifayela kufolda
iphoyisa ,Kopisha ifayela kufolda yamanje
iphoyisa ~/ / ,Kopisha ifayela kufolda bese uqamba kabusha ifayela elikopishiwe
"cp-R <«»dir entsha»»>»,Kopisha ifolda kufolda entsha enezikhala egameni lefayela
cp ngi ,Iyakuxwayisa ngaphambi kokukopisha ifayela elinomlayezo oyisixwayiso obhala phezu kwawo
iphoyisa /Abasebenzisi/ ,Kopisha amafayela amaningana kufolda
ditto -V [indlela yefolda][ifolda entsha],Ikopisha okuqukethwe kwefolda kufolda entsha. Umyalo othi "-V" ubonisa umugqa wesimo wefayela ngalinye elikopishiwe.
rm ,isusa ifayela unomphela
rm - ngi ,Isusa ifayela ecela ukuqinisekiswa
rm -f ,Phoqelela ukususwa kwefayela okungaqinisekisiwe
rm , Susa amafayela amaningi ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa
mv ,susa/qamba kabusha
mv ,Ihambisa ifayela kufolda (ibhala phezu kwefayela elikhona elinegama elifanayo uma likhona)
mv -i ,Umyalo othi "-i" ubonisa isexwayiso sokuthi uzobhala phezu kwefayela okuyiwa kulo.
mv*.png ~/ ,Hambisa wonke amafayela e-PNG kufolda yamanje uwayise kufolda ehlukile
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Ukuphatha uhla lwemibhalo ngeTheminali
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cd, umkhombandlela wasekhaya
cd [ifolda],Shintsha uhla lwemibhalo
cd ~, Inkomba yasekhaya
cd/, impande yedrayivu
cd -, Inkomba yangaphambilini noma ifolda ogcine ukuyiphequlula
pwd, bonisa isiqondisi esisebenzayo
cd.., Khuphukela kuhlu lwemibhalo lomzali
cd../..,Phezulu amazinga amabili
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Ifaka kuhlu amafayela nezinkomba nge-Terminal
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ls, Bonisa igama lamafayela nemibhalo engaphansi yohla lwemibhalo
ls -C,Bonisa igama lamafayela nemibhalo engaphansi yohla lwemibhalo kumakholomu
ls -a,Faka ohlwini konke okufakiwe (okuhlanganisa nalawo ane-.(ichashazi) kanye ..(ichashazi elikabili))
ls -1,Veza uhlu lwamafayela ekufakweni okukodwa ngefomethi yomugqa ngamunye
ls -F, Bonisa i/ (slash) ngokushesha ngemva kwendlela ngayinye ewuhlu lwemibhalo
ls -S Hlunga amafayela noma okufakiwe ngosayizi
ls -l, Uhlu lwefomethi ende. Kufaka phakathi imodi yefayela; igama lomnikazi neqembu; idethi nesikhathi ifayela elashintshwa ngaso; igama lomzila; njll
ls -l /,Faka uhlu lwesistimu yefayela kusuka empandeni enama-symlink
ls -lt, Uhlu lwamafayela ahlelwe ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa (kwakamuva kakhulu kuqala)
ls -lh,Ukufakwa kuhlu okude okunosayizi bamafayela afundekayo ku-KB; MB noma GB
ls -lo, Faka ohlwini amagama efayela anosayizi; umnikazi namafulegi
ls -la, Uhlu olunemininingwane yokuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo (kuhlanganise namafayela afihliwe)
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Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi Kutheminali
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Ithebhu, Gcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amagama efayela namafolda
Ctrl + A, Iya ekuqaleni komugqa obhala kuwo
Ctrl + E, Iya ekupheleni komugqa othayipha kuwo
Ctrl + U, Susa umugqa ngaphambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + K, Susa umugqa ngemva kwekhesa
Ctrl + W, Susa igama ngaphambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + T, Shintsha izinhlamvu ezimbili zokugcina ngaphambi kwekhesa
Esc + T, Shintsha amagama amabili okugcina ngaphambi kwekhesa
Ctrl + L, Sula isikrini
I-Ctrl + C, yeka noma yini esebenzayo
Ctrl + D, Phuma igobolondo lamanje
Inketho + →,Hambisa ikhesa igama elilodwa phambili
Inketho + ←,Susa ikhesa emuva egameni elilodwa
Ctrl + F, Hambisa ikhesa ngohlamvu olulodwa phambili
Ctrl + B, Hambisa ikhesa emuva ngohlamvu olulodwa
Ctrl + Y, Namathisela okusikwe ngomyalo wokugcina
Ctrl + Z, Faka okusebenzayo kunqubo engemuva emisiwe
Ctrl + _, Hlehlisa umyalo wokugcina
Inketho + Shift + Cmd + C, Kopisha umbhalo ongenalutho
Shift + Cmd + V, Namathisela okukhethiwe
phuma, Qeda iseshini yegobolondo
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Umlando womyalo
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Ctrl + R,Sesha imiyalo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini
umlando,Ikhombisa imiyalo esiyibhale ngaphambilini
![value],Qalisa umyalo wokugcina osetshenzisiwe oqala ngenani
!!, Sebenzisa umyalo wokugcina osetshenzisiwe
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Izinqubo zetheminali
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ps -ax Ibonisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo njengamanje. Umyalo othi "a" ubonisa zonke izinqubo zabasebenzisi futhi umyalo "x" ubonisa izinqubo ezingaxhumekile kuTheminali
ps -aux,Bonisa zonke izinqubo nge-%cpu; %mem; ikhasi-ngaphakathi kanye ne-PID
phezulu, Ibonisa ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezinqubo ezisebenzayo
top -ocpu -s 5,Ibonisa izinqubo ezihlelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU futhi ibuyekeza njalo ngemizuzwana emi-5
phezulu -o rsize, Hlunga izinqubo ngokusebenzisa inkumbulo
bulala i-PID, Phuma inqubo nge-ID . I-PID izoboniswa njengekholomu kokuthi I-Activity Monitor
ps izembe | grep ,Sesha inqubo ngegama noma nge-PID
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Imiyalo yenethiwekhi Kutheminali
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ping ,Ping umsingathi futhi ubonise isimo sayo
ubani ,Thola ulwazi lokuthi ubani wesizinda
curl -O ,Ilanda ifayela nge-HTTP; I-HTTPS noma i-FTP
ssh @ , Sungula uxhumano lwe-SSH ku nomsebenzisi
scp @ :/remote/indlela,Kopisha namanje kude
arp -a Ibonisa uhlu lwazo zonke izisetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yangakini okuhlanganisa i-IP nekheli le-MAC lawo wonke amadivayisi
ifconfig en0,Ibonisa ikheli le-IP nele-MAC ledivayisi yakho
i-traceroute [igama lomethuleli], Ikhomba indlela nama-hops ahanjwa ngamaphakethe asuka kudivayisi yakho aya ekhelini okuyiwa kulo
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Homebrew
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Brew doctor, Hlola uhlelo ngezinkinga ezingaba khona
brew help, Uhlu lwemiyalo ewusizo ye-Homebrew
phisa ukufaka | ,Faka ifomula
phisa ukukhipha |cask>,Khipha ifomula
brew list --formula, Faka ohlwini amafomula afakiwe kuphela
ama-brew deps | ,Faka kuhlu konke ukuncika kwefomula
brew search text|/regex/,Sesha amafomula usebenzisa i-regex
ukuthuthukiswa kotshwala | ,Buyekeza ifomula
utshwala buphelelwe yisikhathi | ,Sesha ifomula
yenza isidala -ifomula,Thola ifomula ephelelwe yisikhathi
yenza iphinikhodi [ifomula_efakiwe],Phina ifomula ukuze ingabuyekezi
yenza phuca ukuphina [ifomula_efakiwe],Ungaphini ukuze ubuyekeze iphakheji
ukuhlanza utshwala, Susa amafayela wokukhiya namaphakheji aphelelwe yisikhathi kuwo wonke amafomula
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Ukuguquguquka kwemvelo noma indlela
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printenv, Ibonisa uhlu lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezimisiwe okwamanje
echo $PATH,Hlola inani le-PATH eguquguqukayo egcina uhlu lwemibhalo enamafayela asebenzisekayo
echo $PATH >path.txt,Ithekelisa uhla lwemibhalo lwendlela kufayela lombhalo
thekelisa INDLELA=$INDLELA:absolute/indlela eya/kuhlelo/,Qalisa uhlelo ngokusebenzisa itheminali kuseshini yamanje kuphela.
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